The Star Also Rises: Foreign Language

Foreign Language

2020/10/26

移到十月

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https://pixabay.com/zh/photos/airport-board-flying-scoreboard-1890943/

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Foreign Languages

◎ 第一語言與第二語言

◎ 三大類語言

- 屈折語：拉丁文

- 膠著語：日文

- 孤立語：英文

-- Crocodile vs. Alligator

◎ 聽、讀、說（朗讀與跟述）、寫（Free Writing）

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左腦與右腦

◎ 右腦發達的人對所接收的訊息，是用符號、圖像，或圖案來記憶，因此可以一次記住大量的訊息。如同使用相機拍成照片再處理成影像及圖案，作為記憶。此外，右腦發達的人在感受外界的五感（視聽嗅觸味五覺）刺激時，會依照當下的感受留存記憶，這也是右腦的特性之一。因此，右腦是屬於圖像腦。

◎ 右腦型的人，發揮情感、欣賞藝術的腦細胞集中在右半球。知覺和想像力較強、高創造性、不拘泥於局部分析，往往會統觀全局及大膽猜測，是屬於直覺型結論。

◎ 左腦發達的人，記憶時並不是依據圖案，而是用文字語言來熟稔，對牢記背誦的科目較為擅長。對於五感的刺激，會將當時的感受轉化為言語並留存記憶，因此，左腦是屬於言語腦。

◎ 左腦型的人，理解數學和語言的腦細胞集中在左半球。處理事情比較有邏輯、條理，社交場合上較活躍，善於組織、統計、方向感強。判斷各種關係和因果善於做技術類、抽象等工作。

https://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20151005004166-260405?chdtv

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https://www.vectorstock.com/royalty-free-vector/human-brain-anatomy-card-poster-vector-20498832

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https://www.vectorstock.com/royalty-free-vector/cartoon-human-brain-anatomy-in-a-cut-vector-13237286

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第一語言與第二語言

「1997 年一個雙語實驗顯示：第一和第二語言大腦處理的區塊不相同，尤其第二語言的區域更是因人而異。實驗者給法文為母語，英文為第二語言的受試者聽法文和英文的故事，同時做核磁共振的大腦掃瞄，結果發現「第一語言都在左腦的顳葉處理」，右邊的顳葉雖然也有活化，但是活化程度大不如左。但是第二語言學習的區域就很不一致了，在他的八位男性受試者中（都是7歲以後開始學英文）找不到一個至少六個人有共同處的地方，「第二語言的處理都轉到右腦去了」，即使左腦有活化也遠比右腦弱。也就是說，第一語言的學習通常是左腦皮質的任務，但是第二語言會因每個人的學習策略而異。」

https://parents.hsin-yi.org.tw/Library/Article/5609

https://blog.xuite.net/tcpang/twblog/157224124-%E5%BE%9E%E5%A4%A7%E8%85%A6%E7%A5%9E%E7%B6%93%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%92%E5%BA%A6%E7%9C%8B%E8%AA%9E%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8%E7%BF%92

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https://nihongokyoiku-shiken.com/type-of-language-viewed-from-morphological-typology/

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https://nihongokyoiku-shiken.com/type-of-language-viewed-from-morphological-typology/

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https://nihongokyoiku-shiken.com/type-of-language-viewed-from-morphological-typology/

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https://nihongokyoiku-shiken.com/type-of-language-viewed-from-morphological-typology/

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_family

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http://fukunan-blog.cocolog-nifty.com/fukunanblog/2019/01/post-b08e.html

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印歐語族

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http://dcc.dickinson.edu/grammar/latin/case-endings-five-declensions

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https://www.pinterest.com/pin/119767671312510959/

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https://www.amazon.com/Getting-Started-Latin-Homeschoolers-Self-Taught/dp/0979505100

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https://www.aozora.gr.jp/

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https://taiwan.kinokuniya.com/bw/9789579926300

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https://www.amazon.co.jp/%E3%83%99%E3%83%8D%E3%83%83%E3%82%BB%E6%96%B0%E4%BF%AE%E5%9B%BD%E8%AA%9E%E8%BE%9E%E5%85%B8-%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E7%89%88-%E4%B8%AD%E9%81%93-%E7%9C%9F%E6%9C%A8%E7%94%B7/dp/4828865683/ref=sr_1_1?__mk_ja_JP=%E3%82%AB%E3%82%BF%E3%82%AB%E3%83%8A&dchild=1&keywords=%E3%83%99%E3%83%8D%E3%83%83%E3%82%BB+%E5%9B%BD%E8%AA%9E%E8%BE%9E%E5%85%B8&qid=1603415182&sr=8-1

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https://jp.sonic-learning.com/2016/06/07/seiri/

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http://aozoraroudoku.jp/index.html

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如何學好英文

大概就是幾個要點：

一：成寒，從聽力開始。

二：鄭贊容，除了聽力以外，要知道學習型辭典。

三：George Chen，學習型辭典詳解。

四：六本學習型辭典。

五：Crocodile 在六本學習型辭典中的解釋。

六：柳林中的風聲簡易版。

七：柳林中的風聲完整版。

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https://tw.bid.yahoo.com/item/%E8%BA%BA%E8%91%97%E5%AD%B8%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87%E9%99%84%E7%A2%9F%E6%99%82%E5%A0%B1%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E6%88%90%E5%AF%92%E8%91%97%E8%81%BD%E5%8A%9B%E5%BE%9E%E9%9B%B6%E5%88%B0%E6%BB%BF%E5%88%862003%E5%B9%B413-100856578605

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https://shopee.tw/%E3%80%90%E5%A4%A7%E9%A0%AD%E8%B2%93%E5%95%86%E9%8B%AA%E3%80%91%E3%80%8A%E7%B5%95%E7%89%88%E4%BA%8C%E6%89%8B%E6%9B%B8%E3%80%8B%E9%81%A0%E6%B5%81-%E5%8D%83%E8%90%AC%E5%88%A5%E5%AD%B8%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E-%E9%84%AD%E8%B4%8A%E5%AE%B9-%E5%8F%A4%E8%91%A3-%E6%94%B6%E8%97%8F-%E6%9B%B8%E7%B1%8D-book-%E7%A6%AE%E7%89%A9-%E6%AD%A3%E7%89%88-%E7%8F%BE%E8%B2%A8-%E3%80%8E%E9%99%90%E6%99%82%E5%85%8D%E9%81%8B%E3%80%8F-i.33211563.3156336644

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http://georgechen.tw/?page_id=21

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圖廿六。

六本學習型辭典。

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圖廿七。

右一到右四是大學辭典。右五是發音辭典。右六與右七是圖解辭典。

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lpC7MnHmNqE

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https://www.amazon.co.uk/Macmillan-English-Dictionary-Advanced-learners/dp/1405026286

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http://georgechen.idv.tw/wordpress/?p=1561

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https://www.amazon.co.uk/Longman-Dictionary-Contemorary-English-Contemporary/dp/1405811269

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http://georgechen.idv.tw/wordpress/?p=1561

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https://www.pinterest.com/pin/454652524852056658/

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https://onepiece.fandom.com/zh/wiki/%E6%B2%99%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E6%B4%9B%E5%85%8B%E9%81%94%E7%88%BE?variant=zh-sg

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Crocodile vs. Alligator

學英文儘量不要查字典。真要查，就查多一點。

1 到 6 是學習型辭典，以 2000 到 3000 字，定義字典裡的所有單字，適合母語非英語的學習者。7 到 10 是大學辭典，適合英美一般大學生或成人。

1. Collins COBUILD. 圖廿六，左一。

2. Macmillan. 圖廿六，左二。

3. Cambridge. 圖廿六，左三。

4. Longman. 圖廿六，左四。

5. Oxford. 圖廿六，左五。

6. Merriam-Webster. 圖廿六，左六。

7. Oxford. 圖廿七，右二。

8. Merriam-Webster. 圖廿七，右一。

9. Webster's New World. 圖廿七，右三。

10. Houghton Mifflin. 圖廿七，右四。

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◎ Crocodile 的解釋一：

1. A crocodile is a large reptile with a long body and stronger jaws. Crocodiles live in rivers and eat meat.

2. A crocodile is a large reptile that lives in water in hot countries. It has a long body and a long mouth with many sharp teeth.

3. A crocodile is a large reptile with a hard skin that lives in and near rivers in the hot wet parts of the world. It is like an alligator, but it usually has a longer and narrower nose.

4. A crocodile is a large reptile with a hard skin that lives in and near rivers in the hot wet parts of the world.

5. A crocodile is a large reptile with a long tail, hard skin and very big jaws. Crocodiles live in rivers and lakes in hot countries.

6. A crocodile is a large reptile that has a long body, thick skin, and a long, thin mouth with sharp teeth and lives in the water in regions with hot weather.

以上是學習型辭典。

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◎ Crocodile 的解釋二：

7. A crocodile is a large predatory semiaquatic reptile with long jaws, long tail, short legs, and a horny texture skin.

8. A crocodile is any of several large carnivorous thick-skinned long-bodied aquatic reptiles of tropical and subtropical waters.

9. A crocodile is any of a subfamily (Crocodylinae) of large, flesh-eating, lizardlike crocodilan reptiles living in or around tropical streams and having thick, horny skin composed of scales and plates, a long tail, and a long, narrow, triangular head with massive jaws: it has on each side of the lower jaw a large tooth that protrudes upward from its closed mouth.

10. A crocodile is any of large aquatic reptiles, chiefly of the genus Crocodylus, native to tropical and subtropical regions and having thick armorlike skin and long tapering jaws.

以上是大學辭典。

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◎ Alligator 的解釋一：

1. An alligator is a large reptile with short legs, a long tail and very powerful jaws.

2. An alligator is a large reptile with a long tail, four short legs, a long pointed mouth, and sharp teeth that lives in parts of the US and China.

3. An alligator is a large reptile with a hard skin that lives in and near rivers and lakes in the hot wet parts of America and China. It has a long nose that is slightly wider and shorter than that of a crocodile.

4. An alligator is a large animal with a long mouth and tail and sharp teeth and lives in the hot wet parts of the US and China.

5. An alligator is a large reptile similar to a crocodile, with a long tail, hard skin and very big jaws, that lives in rivers and lakes in N and S America and China.

6. An alligator is a large reptile that has a long body, thick skin, and sharp teeth, that lives in the tropical parts of the U.S. and China, and that is related to crocodiles.

以上是學習型辭典。

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◎ Alligator 的解釋二：

7. An alligator is a large semiaquatic reptile similar to a crocodile but with a broader and shorter head, native to Americas and China.

8. Either of two crocodilans (Alligator mississipiensis of the southeastern U.S. and A. sinensis of China) having broad heads not tapering to the snout and a special pocket in the upper jaw for reception of the enlarged lower forth tooth.

9. An alligator is any of a genus (Alligator) of large crocodilan reptiles found in tropical rivers and mashes of the U.S. and China: its snout is shorter and blunter than the crocodile's, and its teeth do not protrude outside its closed mouth.

10. An alligator is either of two large reptiles, Alligator mississipiensis of the southeast United States or A. Sinensis of China, having sharp teeth, powerful jaws, and a broader, shorter snout than the crocodile.

以上是大學辭典。

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